Free Essays on Tupac Shakur

Is Tupac Truly dead? Or on the other hand is it a departure from the media and life as a criminal? Tupac Shakur is the most known cutlass on the planet. His rhymes played a major part in him getting popular, however the debate of his passing is the thing that has made him so notable over the world. He is to hip-jump as Elvis is to shake and roll. Both of there fans despite everything accept there alive and attempt to demonstrate it constantly. Are there extremely mystery messages in Tupac’s verses, was his passing planed out or was it each of the a lamentable episode taking one of the music businesses top entertainers. Tupac Shakur marked to death row records in the late 80’s. He had discharged 7 collections and was discharging his eighth on September 16 1996. He was discovered laying down with individual cutlass Biggies spouse in mid 1996 which caused a huge fight between the east coast and west cost hip jump enterprises. Mid 1996 Tupac during a meeting said he needed to escape the spot light and criminal life for good. Tupac Shakur had first line seats to the Mike Tyson battle Saturday September 6 1996 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. The battle went on for generally 123sec.Tupac was one of the last individuals to leave the battle. At the point when he got to the parking structure he was shot multiple times, and sadly this was the 1 night he didn’t have on his impenetrable vest. He was hurried to a close by clinic where the press wasn’t permitted. He experienced the seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth and kicked the bucket the thirteenth. During those 7 days there was never an image taken of him in the clinic. His official time of death was 4:03 pm, making numerous individuals join together and grieve the loss of him. Tupac had assaulted about being covered however was planned to be incinerated Sept fourteenth just a day after his demise. The press was told it would be a private memorial service for close family just, yet soon thereafter the burial service was dropped leaving Afeni Shakur the main individual to see him dead. The sixteenth his new collection was discharged called the multi day hypothesis. The spread included Tupac crucifi... Free Essays on Tupac Shakur Free Essays on Tupac Shakur Is Tupac Truly dead? Or on the other hand is it a departure from the media and life as a hoodlum? Tupac Shakur is the most known sword on the planet. His rhymes played a major part in him getting renowned, however the debate of his passing is the thing that has made him so notable over the world. He is to hip-jump as Elvis is to shake and roll. Both of there fans despite everything accept there alive and attempt to demonstrate it constantly. Are there extremely mystery messages in Tupac’s verses, was his demise planed out or was it every one of the a shocking occurrence taking one of the music ventures top entertainers. Tupac Shakur marked to death row records in the late 80’s. He had discharged 7 collections and was discharging his eighth on September 16 1996. He was discovered laying down with individual cutlass Biggies spouse in mid 1996 which caused an enormous fight between the east coast and west cost hip bounce enterprises. Mid 1996 Tupac during a meeting said he needed to escape the spot light and hoodlum life for good. Tupac Shakur had first line seats to the Mike Tyson battle Saturday September 6 1996 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas. The battle went on for generally 123sec.Tupac was one of the last individuals to leave the battle. At the point when he got to the parking structure he was shot multiple times, and sadly this was the 1 night he didn’t have on his impenetrable vest. He was hurried to a close by emergency clinic where the press wasn’t permitted. He experienced the seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth and kicked the bucket the thirteenth. During those 7 days there was never an image taken of him in the emergency clinic. His official time of death was 4:03 pm, making numerous individuals join together and grieve the loss of him. Tupac had assaulted about being covered yet was booked to be incinerated Sept fourteenth just a day after his demise. The press was told it would be a private burial service for close family just, however soon thereafter the memorial service was dropped leaving Afeni Shakur the main individual to see him dead. The sixteenth his new collection was discharged called the multi day hypothesis. The spread highlighted Tupac crucifi... Free Essays on Tupac Shakur Tupac Shakur (2Pac) Tupac Shakur was conceived in Brooklyn, NY in 1971. Right off the bat in his life, he moved to Baltimore, ND, where he went to The Baltimore School, Tupac drove an enduring impact on his educators and was indicating gigantic potential. Tragically, Tupac couldn't proceed with his preparation. He moved to Oakland, California with the remainder of his family. That’s when Tupac started hanging with an inappropriate group. Tupac later got into the rap and acting business, he was devoted to both rap/hiphop and acting. Tupac was genuine, whatever was at the forefront of his thoughts he said it in his verses. Not kept down by his absence of formal training, Tupac joined the Rap bunch Digital Underground as an artist. Not some time before the gathering made honor winning progress, Tupac discharged his own collection â€Å"2pacalypse now†, which was likewise a triumph. The hit single â€Å"Brenda’s Got A Baby† propelled Tupac’s profession like a rocket. His d azzling ability additionally hot him a job in the movie â€Å"Juice†. Tupac in the long run discharged a second collection â€Å"Strictly for my Niggaz,† which was a much greater achievement. The feature of Tupac’s acting profession came when he showed up in â€Å"Poetic Juice† other than Janet Jackson. The job Jackson 2 made Tupac a commonly recognized name and demonstrated the world that music may not be Tupac’s number a certain something. Amidst a job in the film â€Å"Above the Rim† and a Platinum collection â€Å"Me against the world,† Tupac’s rising profession was caught. A lady he met at a dance club brought him up on rape charges. Hours before Tupac would be seen as blameworthy, men whose expectation and intention is as yet unsure ransacked Tupac at gunpoint. Tupac was in the long run discharged at over $1 Million in bail. After his discharge, Tupac addressed his faultfinders by discharging his best collection, â€Å"A ll eyes on me.† â€Å"All eyes on me† has as of now sold around 6 Million duplicates, which is progressive for a twofold disc. Particularly in Hip Hop music. As the collection climbed the diagrams, ...

Evaluation and presentation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Assessment and introduction - Assignment Example So the organizations want to utilize this technique in light of its adaptability in its casing and works as indicated by the company’s request. It is the obligation of the framework to keep advise the client about each move which is being made against the user’s demand, by giving legitimate reaction as criticism in an acknowledged timeframe. This data keeps the client intuitive with the framework at each progression which is being taken. The language utilized by the framework ought to be justifiable to the client. Rather than utilizing the system’s language wordings it should utilize those words, ideas and expressions which clients know about. The arrangement of data ought to be structured in such way that would appear in normal and coherent grouping. So the client would effortlessly comprehend the casings and decipher the data or circumstance rapidly. More often than not clients commit errors while utilizing the applications in speed so they need to leave the undesirable page without review the total data. The choice of crisis exit ought to be given to spare the valuable time of the client. This application will let the client to come out effectively from an undesirable circumstance happened unintentionally. Distinctive kind of words, ideas and activities ought not be given which makes question for the client in relating the circumstances in arrangement. It should pursue the typical stages and make a reliable use in applications without making any obstacle. The framework ought to be planned with a thought of distinguishing the mistake happening messages at the underlying stage. Additionally it ought to take out those conditions which cause mistakes or check for the client. The alternative of affirmation ought to be given to clients before they get submitted with any activity. This alternative will contain the client on the correct way without submitting with mistakes and furthermore without burning through the time. It is important to show the perceivability of those activities, articles and choices which limit

An Investigation to find out how Light Intensity affects Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essays

An Investigation to discover how Light Intensity influences Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essays An Investigation to discover how Light Intensity influences Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essay An Investigation to discover how Light Intensity influences Photosynthesis in Pondweed Essay Exposition Topic: Union We Real Cool The examination is expected to show the manner by which photosynthesis in pondweed is influenced by light power. I have found out about photosynthesis in Illustrated Biology by B.S. Becket, just as Biology, an anecdotal methodology by M.B.V. Roberts, and this is my summery:Most plants are neither carnivores nor herbivores, they don't benefit from complex natural atoms and can rather amalgamation natural mixes from inorganic crude materials, this is called Autotrophic Nutrition. There are two unique kinds of Autotrophic Nutrition: Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis. The strategy utilized by every single green plant is Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be summed up by:Light energyChlorophyll6CO2+6H2O?C6H12O6+6O2Carbon DioxideWaterGlucoseOxygenEnergy from daylight is caught by chlorophyll contained in chloroplasts discovered for the most part in the leaves of plants, and is utilized to consolidate carbon dioxide with water. Carbon dioxide is ingested through pores called stomata which a re generally situated on the under surface of the leaves, and water is retained from the dirt by the roots. The principle item produced by photosynthesis is monosaccharide sugar (glucose). This can be changed over into proteins for development, separated into carbon dioxide and water for vitality creation, or incorporated up with starch for capacity. A waste result of oxygen is likewise released.The structure of a leafPlanOxygen is the main gas discharged during photosynthesis. Along these lines, to discover how light influences photosynthesis in pondweed, I will quantify the volume of gas discharged from some Canadian pondweed (Elodea). I will record the volume of gas discharges each moment, for six minutes, before changing the force of light the pondweed is presented to, and rehashing the procedure.The scope of gear accessible for me to use in school is constrained, so this is the thing that I will be using:a. Lampb. Cinch standc. Meter ruler (cm)d. Bung with a gap in ite. Water c ontaining Sodium Bicarbonatef. Bowed conveyance tubeg. Funnel shaped flaskh. Dark paper and some clingy tapei. Scale (mm)j. Elodea (Canadian Pondweed)k. Ink bubblel. StopwatchIn request to get the ink bubble into the conveyance tube I will utilize the accompanying method:1. Seal the top finish of the conveyance tube.2. Plunge the base finish of the conveyance tube into a pool of ink.3. Seal the base finish of the conveyance tube.4. Expel the seal from the top finish of the conveyance tube.5. Tip the conveyance tube up and discharge seal to situate air pocket, and afterward supplant seal.6. Seal the base of the conveyance cylinder to the test cylinder, and afterward at last expel the seal from the highest point of the conveyance tube.To find precisely the effect of light power on pondweed (for example keep up a reasonable analysis), I will need to flexibly adequate measures of four of the five elements essential for photosynthesis to happen, these are carbon dioxide, water, chlorophy ll, and warmth. This is with the goal that the fifth factor, light, is the main factor constraining any photosynthesis that happens. What's more, the degrees of carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and warmth should be kept at a consistent. This is so light force is the main variable of which the influence is being estimated. Since the examination is proposed to show the manner by which light force influences photosynthesis in pondweed, I will clearly need to change the light power. In the event that I shifted both the light force and levels of carbon dioxide, for example, and kept the other three elements at a consistent, my outcomes would show the impact of both light power and carbon dioxide on the pace of photosynthesis in pondweed. It is thus that light force should be the main factor I shift. I realize that the characteristic measures of carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and warmth are of an adequate amount, since pondweed gets by in nature. Hence I will not change the measur e of warmth exposed to the pondweed. In a perfect world, I would support a consistent temperature yet because of restricted gear, this is beyond the realm of imagination. Furthermore, I will not change the measure of chlorophyll present in the pondweed, or its size and surface region. I will keep up this by basically utilizing a similar bit of pondweed for each arrangement of results. This may anyway make the pondweed somewhat free its effectiveness at photosynthesis. In spite of the fact that this mistake would be lesser than that brought about by utilizing various bits of pondweed for each arrangement of results, since it would be practically difficult to acquire a few bits of pondweed that were indistinguishably estimated, had a similar surface region, and contained an equivalent measure of chlorophyll. In a perfect world I would lean toward continue the pondweeds regular gracefully of water and carbon dioxide, yet by expelling the pondweed from the lake and putting it in a test tube, I have just adjusted the measure of water and carbon dioxide that the pondweed needs to utilize. To make up for this I will add Sodium Bicarbonate to the cone shaped flagon loaded with lake water I will give. Since both water and carbon dioxide are utilized in photosynthesis, the water should be swapped for each arrangement of readings guaranteeing there will be equivalent measures of water and carbon dioxide each time. The water will be supplanted with a similar volume of water, which originates from a similar source, containing a similar measure of sodium bicarbonate.I will record the area on the scale, of the start of the ink bubble at regular intervals for 5 minutes. At that point utilizing the equation v=?r2l (where v is volume, r is range and l is length), I will have the option to work out the volume of gas discharged from the pondweed at regular intervals over the 5 minutes. I will rehash this in any event multiple times, supplanting the water each time, and moving the light 25cm away from its past position, when its first position is at 0cm.Since plants breathe, the waste results of carbon dioxide and water will likewise be released:C6H12O6+6O2?6CO2+6H2O+EnergyGlucoseOxygenCarbon DioxideWaterTherefore, I will complete a control try where the light force is nil (the light will be killed and the test tube enclosed by dark paper, preventing any light from getting to the pondweed). This will make any photosynthesis stop and give a lot of results I can use for correlation with my different outcomes. With these outcomes I will at that point have the option to work out the volume of gas discharged during breath alone, empowering me to work out the inexact volume of gas discharged during photosynthesis with the changed forces of light.PredictionI foresee that the pace of photosynthesis will increment as the light power increments. Since the flexibly of the other four variables fundamental for photosynthesis is restricted, if the light force increments a n excessive amount of the pace of photosynthesis will quit expanding. Furthermore, in light of the fact that the pondweed is in a fixed compartment, if the speed of photosynthesis surpasses the speed of breath, the flexibly of carbon dioxide and water won't be restored in tin, thus the pace of photosynthesis will in the end delayed down to the pace of breath. In the long haul, this will stop the pondweed photosynthesising enough and will inevitably make it bite the dust. Likewise, since there might be the minerals that were available in the water in the test tube, the pondweeds flexibly of sulfates, phosphates, and nitrates will before long run out. These minerals are not carefully vital for photosynthesis, however the pondweed can't make due without them, and if the pondweed is dead, it can't photosynthesise.When the light power is nil, I anticipate a modest quantity of gas will be discharged because of respiration.A Predicted chart to show how Light Intensity influences Photosynth esis in PondweedA Predicted diagram to show how no light influences Photosynthesis in PondweedTrial Experiment15cmTimeReading onscale (cm)(to 1dp)Volume (ml) of Gasreleased during past30 seconds (to 0dp)0:009.70:309.4-51:009.2-31:309.0-32:008.9-22:308.903:009.023:309.234:009.544:309.855:0010.155:3010.346:0010.65Average volume (ml) of gas discharged at regular intervals (0dp)1My preliminary analysis uncovered a few issues with my experiment:Firstly, for the initial two minutes, the volume of the issue contained in the mechanical assembly diminished, as though gas was being spent as opposed to created. This was really in light of the fact that I had set the light close to the test tube while I had set the hardware up, and afterward had moved it away to a separation of roughly 15cm. The light was significantly hot and had warmed up the test cylinder and its substance. Thusly, when I moved the light away from the test tube, the substance of the gear compacted as they chilled off, causin g the ink air pocket to enroll a lessening of volume. To make up for this I will leave five minutes before taking any readings, allowing for the substance of the gear (for example the water, pondweed, and the air) to extend or diminish, to the present temperature.Secondly, my gear demonstrated to incorporate a few flaws:* The typical conveyance tube end up being too wide to even think about sustaining the ink bubble, so I supplanted it with a 1mm wide equivalent.* Equipment was constrained, and there was not a twisted 1mm wide conveyance tube, so I supplanted the bowed conveyance tube with two straight conveyance tubes and an elastic pipe.* I thought that it was difficult to situate the air pocket. At long last, I saw a syringe as helpful for the underlying positioning.* The seal betwe

All About Any in French

The English word any has numerous French translations, depending on what it means and whether it is used as an adjective, pronoun, or adverb. Any = No Matter Which adjective: nimporte quel You can have any book | Tu peux avoir nimporte quel livreAny chair will do | Nimporte quelle chaise fera laffaireIll watch any programs | Je regarde nimporte quels programmes pronoun: nimporte lequel You can have any one (of them) | Tu peux avoir nimporte lequelAny (one) will do | Nimporte laquelle fera laffaireIll watch any one (of them) | Je regarde nimporte lesquels Any = Some adjective: partitive article Do you have any money? | As-tu de largent  ?Do you want any bread?  | Veux-tu du pain  ?Are there any survivors?  | Y a-t-il des survivants  ? pronoun: adverbial pronoun en Do you have any? | En as-tu  ?Do you want any?  | En veux-tu  ?Are there any? | Y en a-t-il  ? Any = Each and Every adjective: tout Any child can learn French | Tout enfant peut apprendre le franà §aisAny student who talks in class will be punished  | Tout à ©là ¨ve qui parle en classe sera puniAny other response would have been more appropriate  | Toute autre rà ©ponse aurait à ©tà © plus approprià ©e Not Any = None adjective: pas de or, more emphatically, the negative adjective ne... aucun He doesnt have any proof | Il na pas de preuve / Il na aucune preuveI dont have any sisters | Je nai pas de sÅ“ur / Je nai aucune sÅ“urThere isnt any excuse | Il ny a pas dexcuse / Il ny a aucune excuse pronoun: ne... pas or ne... aucun with en We dont want any | Nous nen voulons pas / Nous nen voulons aucunI dont have any | Je nen ai pas / Je nen ai aucuneThere isnt any | Il ny en a pas / Il ny en a aucune Not Any More plus maintenant or ne... plus Do you eat fish? Not any more | Tu manges du poisson  ? Plus maintenantI dont have it any more | Je ne lai plusHe wont help any more  | Il naidera plus Any = Somewhat, a Bit un peu Do you feel any happier? | Te sens-tu un peu plus heureux  ?Is he any taller? | Est-il un peu plus grand  ?Are you any more athletic than David?  | Es-tu un peu plus sportif que David  ?

Analysis Of The Article Endless Waves Of Illegal...

I am writing in response to the article ‘Endless waves of Illegal Immigrants floods Rio Grande Valley† by Jana Winter for FOX NEWS on July 14, 2015. In this article, it mainly focuses its attention on the negative aspects of illegal immigrants and makes the reader believe that immigrants are the problem. The article, makes illegal immigrates seem like they are all criminals and villains. On top of that, this articles doe’s little to no explaining on the reasons for why immigrants to come to the United States. Having grandparents and parents who were illegal, I know some of the reasons and motives behind the decision to migrate to the United States such as escaping poverty, providing a better future for their kids, and the opportunity to pursue the American dream. If these points were added into this article, Americans would be more sympathetic to the situation of millions of immigrants and make movements to get legislation passed that would offer citizenship, work visa, and green cards to illegal immigrants. The media has failed to cover both sides of the situation. Most articles talk about the negatives, but very few incorporate the views and reasoning for immigrants. Many immigrants migrate to America in search of a better life, better jobs, as well as safety and opportunity. For many immigrants jobs, safety, and opportunity are not available in their living environment. All of these factors cause immigrants to make the journey to America in search of the AmericanShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate

BCOM 275 Complete Class - 1327 Words

BCOM 275 Complete Class Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/BCOM-275/BCOM-275-Complete-Class. For more classes visit http://www.assignmentcloud.com BCOM 275 Week 1 DQ 1 What are some ways in which receivers of messages provide feedback when listening or reading a message? What effect does this have on the message? Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/BCOM-275/BCOM-275-Week-1-DQ-1 For more classes visit http://www.assignmentcloud.com BCOM 275 Week 1 DQ 2 How has technology changed the communication process? Has technology changed the way people communicate in business? Check this A+†¦show more content†¦Write a 350- to 700-word rebuttal to the article using valid arguments and supporting data. In the rebuttal, offer an analysis in which you do the following:  · Analyze the reliability, credibility, and validity of the data used by the author.  · Identify any logical fallacies in the argument. Format your rebuttal consistent with APA guidelines. Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/BCOM-275/BCOM-275-Week-3-Individual-Article-Rebuttal For more classes visit http://www.assignmentcloud.com BCOM 275 Week 3 Learning Team Learning Team Debate Paper Outline Resources: Debate Paper assignment requirements located in Week Five. Create an outline for the Debate Paper that will be used to write the paper. Include all references to be used in the paper. Check this A+ tutorial guideline at http://www.assignmentcloud.com/BCOM-275/BCOM-275-Week-3-Learning-Team-Learning-Team-Debate-Paper-Outline For more classes visit http://www.assignmentcloud.com BCOM 275 Week 4 DQ 1 What different persuasive approaches would you use on the following audiences: a boss, a peer, a challenging person, or an open-minded person? Why would your approachShow MoreRelatedBCOM 275 All Class Assignments and DQs – A Graded Material Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesBCOM 275 All Class Assignments and DQs – A Graded Material http://homeworklance.com/downloads/bcom-275-complete-course-business-comm-critical-thinking-amaterial/ BCOM 275 All Class Assignments and DQs – A Graded Material BCOM 275 Week 1 Individual Exercise 1.1 Complete exercise 1.1 from Ch. 1 of Communicating in the Workplace. Choose two misunderstandings you experienced and fill out the chart for these. Respond to questions 1 and 2 shown under the chart for each example of a misunderstandingRead MoreTerm Essay2794 Words   |  12 PagesSyllabus BCOM/275 Version 2 1 Syllabus School of Business BCOM/275 Version 2 Business Communication and Critical Thinking Copyright  © 2011 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Instructor: Jon Olson 12/18/2012 – 02/04/2013 Course Description This course introduces students to the foundations of communication in a business setting. Students will develop skills in critical thinking and decision making through the forms of written communication, including memos, emails, businessRead MoreIs the Dream Act Constitutional1390 Words   |  6 PagesIs the Dream Act Constitutional Team A BCOM/275 December 8, 2011 Jay Gargas Is the Dream Act Constitutional To dream or not to dream? The Dream Act is meant to keep upstanding citizens who are in the country illegally to gain access to citizenship with a form of penance. They can elect to go to higher education schools or join our militaries for at least two years. Will we one day be rudely awakened by this dream that has turned into a nightmare? There are two sides to every position andRead MoreVirgin Blue Annual Report47891 Words   |  192 Pagesa three-class cabin comprising International Business with 33 fully lie-flat beds, International Premium Economy with 40 club seats as well as 288 International Economy seats. All cabins offer a modern, contemporary feel with state-of-the-art personal seat back entertainment, mood lighting relative to the time or day and unique touches of Australiana throughout. The premium, boutique-style carrier also has two in-flight bars, including a sit down bar and dining area for business-class Guests.Read MoreAnz Bank142091 Words   |  569 PagesSecretaries’ Qualifications and  Experience Currently there are two people appointed as Company Secretaries of  the Company. Details of their roles are contained on page 65. Their  qualifications and experience are as follows: }} Bob Santamaria, BCom, LLB (Hons) Group General Counsel. Mr Santamaria joined ANZ in 2007. He had previously been a Partner at the law firm Allens Arthur Robinson since 1987. He  was Executive Partner Corporate, responsible for client liaison with some of Allens Arthur

Louis Armstrong Timeline Essay Research Paper LOUIS free essay sample

Louis Armstrong Timeline Essay, Research Paper LOUIS ARMSTRONG TIMELINE Louis Armstrong # 8217 ; s was born Aug. 4, 1901. He grew up in New Orleans and received his first music direction in 1913 in a kids # 8217 ; s place. By 1915 he was sitting in with local sets. He went to Chicago to fall in King Oliver in 1922 and made his first records with Oliver the the following April ( # 8221 ; Chimes Blues # 8221 ; ) . Though Chicago would be his base for the following 12 old ages, he went to New York for the first clip in September 1924 to fall in Fletcher Henderson # 8217 ; s set and record with assorted blues vocalists, including Bessie Smith, Clarence Williams, and Sidney Bechet. In November 1925 he went back to Chicago, where he began entering under his ain name and constructing the nucleus work which his repute as a major entertainer would everlastingly rest. These included the Hot Five and Hot Seven Sessionss and the early old ages of large set records from 1929 to 1934. We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Armstrong Timeline Essay Research Paper LOUIS or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ? During this period his cornet manner went from powerful New Orleans ensemble lead into a solo voice whose stateliness seemed to surge with a rapacious and famished luster. In 1929 Armstrong began entering popular vocals. In vocals such as # 8220 ; Stardust, # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Sweethearts On Parade, # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Lazy River # 8221 ; and many others, he helped put the footing for the connection of wind and popular music in the # 8217 ; 30s, and set the? criterions? in which such participants as Red Allen, Harry James, Roy Eldridge, Taft Jordan, Bunny Berigan, Dizzy Gillespie and others would work for the following 10 to 15 old ages. By the mid-1930s, as the swing epoch began and Armstrong took to executing a more settled show, the period of illustriousness in his calling came to an terminal. His cardinal solos took on an unchangin g signifier, and a long recording association with Decca Records began. There would be updated agreements of early pieces, many of them outstanding, but no new musical discovery. The personality of Armstrong’s public presentation now came frontward in wireless, recordings with other Decca creative persons, and cameo movie functions in Pennies From Heaven, Dr. Rhythm, Going Places, Cabin In The Sky, and many more. In 1947 Armstrong officially dropped the large set and resumed executing traditional wind with an all-star group that included Earl Hines, Sid Catlett, Jack Teagarden and Barney Bigard. Armstrong # 8217 ; s playing loosened up slightly, though he neer strayed far from established modus operandis. He toured and recorded with assorted versions of the All-Stars for the remainder of his calling. In 1955 he made his first concert circuit of Europe since the early # 8217 ; 30s. Another circuit followed taking him to Africa. ? The international Tourss in the political context of the Cold War earned him the rubric # 8220 ; Ambassador Satch. # 8221 ; ? In the mid-1950s he recorded his last unmitigated wind chef-doeuvre work, Armstrong Plays W.C. Handy, for Columbia. There were besides some great reworkings of his early classics in A Musical Autobiography for Decca, and a few session with Ella Fitzgerald for Verve that became major Sellerss. He continued a full touring agenda until 1968, when his wellness eventually gave in to a diminished bosom. ? Armstrong died in July 1970, a wealthy and much beloved adult male, though his music was considered by some to be antique, and his acting manner dated and politically wrong. In 1953, Armstrong became the first instrumentalist elected by Readers to the new Down Beat Hall of Fame.

Automated Student Attendance free essay sample

It uses Fingerprint Biometrics to check that the student is really attending the class. Student attendance and information are stored in a database connected to a server and can be accessed by parents using their android phones. The system allows the administrator to enroll the students in a particular course. Teachers and parents have the privilege to access the number of absences of the students. The students need to sign in and sign out in a particular station as a basis of their attendance. Upon completion, parents and instructors can monitor the attendance status of their children through this mobile application. It is designed for Android platform and that the parents are using Android phones for this project. Another purpose of developing this project is to automate the manual attendance of the students in University of San Jose Recoletos. Parents send their children to school for education. They spend thousands of pesos just to have their children be educated in universities or colleges. We will write a custom essay sample on Automated Student Attendance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are some parents who are far from their children’s school, especially those who live in provinces and their children are studying in the city, thus create hindrance in actual supervision. One of the parents’ problems is the class attendance or performance of their children. They don’t know whether or not their children are attending their respective classes. The team comes up with a solution to this problem, the Automated Student Attendance using Fingerprint Biometrics designed for Android Smart phone. The system is used to automate the manual checking of students’ attendance. It uses fingerprint Biometrics to check if the student is really attending the class. Student attendance and information are stored in a database connected to a server and can be accessed through an android phone. The system only allows the administrator to enroll the students in a particular course. The teachers and parents have the privilege to access the number of absences of the student. The system also allows the students to sign in and sign out in the biometrics as basis of their attendance. The parents who have the student id number of their children have the privilege to monitor the student’s attendance through an application in their android phone. Problem Statement Along with the study the team should consider the following concerns: * What makes automated attendance system better than the conventional method of attendance checking? What Smartphone would be the platform of this application? * How should the fingerprint biometric system failures be minimized to achieve higher system accuracy? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY * University The study can help the university to have an automated attendance monitoring for the student. * Parents The study can help the parents to monitor the ir children if they are really attending their respective class. * Instructor The study can benefit the instructor for a more reliable attendance monitoring. * Future Researchers The study can benefit the future researchers as a guide and basis for future developments. This project Automated Student Attendance is aimed to be deployed as a fully automated attendance monitoring of a student enrolled in a particular class in the University of San Jose Recoletos. This project uses a fingerprint biometric scanner that is installed in the Computer Engineering laboratory to record attendance information of a student and sends it to the database. The fingerprint biometric scanner runs only in a 32-bit CPU and uses Windows XP as an operating system. During enrollment, only the administrators have the privilege to add student’s information and fingerprint. The Android mobile application for the student attendance monitoring is designed for an Android 2. 3 version (Gingerbread). Users of the said mobile application are required to have an Android phone and an internet connection to utilize the full functionality of it. Parents and teachers who wanted to use the Automated Student Attendance (ASA) mobile application are advised to see the administrator to acquire an activation code, so that they can create their accounts for the mobile application. Basically, a MySQL database allows you to create a relational database structure on a web-server somewhere in order to store data or automate procedures. [4]| Identification| Is a task where the biometric system attempts to determine the identity of an individual| Authentication| Is a task where the biometric system attempts to determine whether the person is indeed who he claims to be. | WebView| A  WebView  object is intended to support most features you would expect in a web browser except that it doesn’t implement the specific user interface for those features. 5]| WebServer| The  web Server  refers to a server machine which runs  web hosting  software and provides a  website hosting  service. [6]| AJAX| Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX). AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages. AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. [7]| PHP| PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is used in creating Web pages, and can be embedded in  HTML  code. (PHP stands for Hypertext Preprocessor, even though the acronym doesnt match up exactly. [8]| Eclipse| Eclipse. org is an open consortium of software development tool vendors that has formed a community interested in collaborating to create better development environments and product integration. The focus of this project is to apply Mobile-application field, particularly in observing students’ attendance in schools by instructors and parents of the students, the prospective system will facilitate to teachers to make attendance in the class and save it in the database of the school, the head also can add student, and the all of them parents, teachers and head of the school can oversee their students during school hours. To achieve this goal, the study will adopt Object oriented development life cycle as a methodology, the four phases will be discussed in section of Research Methodology. Usability testing will be conducted to examine user’s satisfaction, lastly to document the models of prototype. [1] Scope[1]: In this research project system based WAP was developed for monitoring students in class during school hours. The system was including the following functions: * Input data of students into the system database. * Checking lists of student’s names. * Time of attendance * Update information regarding to the attendance. * Saving records of attendance in MS-SAS database management system. * Enabling the users to browse student for being present or absent. The Unique features of our system compare to this related literature: * Our system is applicable in Android Mobile Application * Parents can view or monitor the school attendance of their children. * Parents and teacher can view the daily and monthly attendance of the students. * Teacher and parents can download the monthly attendance of the student. Project Title: Attendance Management using Fingerprint Scanner Project Deployed: Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Author: Mohmd Zamzury Bin Abdullah Sani Year: 2008 Abstract This project is about the design and develops a reliable attendance tracking and recording system based on biometric fingerprint identification that can be used to monitor attendance of student. It will eliminate much of the problems and manual work associated with paper based system. This system will be developed with extended GUI by using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and integrate with Microsoft Fingerprint Reader. [2] Scope[2]: Generally, all projects have their own scope or limitation as a guideline. * Research on biometric fingerprint algorithm. Design the user-friendly interface with extended GUI using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 programming language. * Develop the fully function software that can work on Microsoft Windows platform. The Unique features of our system compare to this related literature: * Our system is applicable in Android Mobile Application * Parents can view or monitor the school attendance of their children. * Parents and teacher can view the daily and month ly attendance of the students. * Teacher and parents can download the monthly attendance of the student. * Development of this project is developed using eclipse and java. The system will use LAN biometrics as basis of attendance checking Theoretical Background: Android Operating System The mobile development community is at a tipping point. Mobile users demand more choice, more opportunities to customize their phones, and more functionality. Mobile operators want to provide value-added content to their subscribers in a manageable and lucrative way. Mobile developers want the freedom to develop the powerful mobile applications users demand with minimal roadblocks to success. Finally, handset manufacturers want a stable, secure, and affordable platform to power their devices. Up until now single mobile platform has adequately addressed the needs of all the parties. Enter Android, which is a potential game-changer for the mobile development community. An innovative and open platform, Android is well positioned to address the growing needs of the mobile marketplace. This chapter explains what Android is, how and why it was developed, and where the platform fits in to the established mobile marketplace. [3] Android is an open source platform. Neither developers nor handset manufacturers pay royalties or license fees to develop for the platform. The nderlying operating system of Android is licensed under GNU General Public License Version 2 (GPLv2), a strong â€Å"copyleft† license where any third-party improvements must continue to fall under the open source licensing agreement terms. The Android framework is distributed under the Apache Software License (ASL/Apache2), which allows for the distribution of both open and closed source derivations of the source code. Commercial developers (handset manufacturers especially) can choose to enhance the platform without having to provide their improvements to the open source community.

Reflections on AngloSaxon Life essays

Reflections on AngloSaxon Life essays The Anglo-Saxons set the foundations on which the English nation developed. In spite of continual internal warfare, they built upon those foundations and developed a high degree of civilization. In Beowulf, Burton Raffel portrays many aspects of Anglo-Saxon lifestyle, especially the importance of weaponry, women's role in society, and the significance of Christianity. There was not a single object that mattered to Anglo-Saxons more than their weapons. The Anglo-Saxons "delighted in beautiful weapons" (Crossley-Holland 19). They associated usefulness with beauty. Anglo-Saxons decorated their swords with ornamental patterning. These warlike people considered the sword to be the "king of weapons" (Crossley-Holland 20). The gift of a sword was a symbol of the bond between a lord and his follower. Warriors remained "prepared behind [their] high shield" (Raffel 35). Shields were the most common forms of defense. They decorated the shields as well, which declared the wealth of its owner. It was an Anglo-Saxon warrior's practice to be ready for battle incessantly. Women had a well-defined role in Anglo-Saxon society. A thane's wife had responsibilities that she fulfilled on a daily basis. Her primary chores consisted of looking after the family and supervising the household. Other duties included overseeing the brewing of ale, and managing the weaving and dyeing of clothing for her family. She had a public persona, such as when "Welthow went from warrior to warrior, pouring a portion from the jeweled cup for each" (Raffel 24). Presumably, a thane's wife was the mistress of ceremonies in the mead halls. Women also had their own rights that were "quite independent of [their] husbands" (Crossley-Holland 68). A woman had the right to own land, defend herself in court, to inherit money, and use it at her own discretion. The role of women in that time period was truly extraordinary. Christianity was also an aspect of Angl...

Summary Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary - Movie Review Example The above issues were explained with the help of graphics and pictures taken from supermarkets, restaurants, and the food packaging or processing industries. The name of the film, Food Inc reminds us the heavy industrialization of food products in the modern era. The film starts with the pictures taken from the supermarkets in order to make us aware of the various food products currently used in America. The film starts in this manner in order to show us the origin and processing of this food items. The music and the sound used in this film are suitable to the occasions and it gives us a pleasant background for watching of this movie. The major visuals used in this film are animals/birds and their meats. Americans are very much interested in non-vegetarian foods like beef, chicken, pork meat etc and hence the film was more focused on such items. Bright and dark colors were used sparingly to make the viewers more aware of the positives and negatives of American food industry. The usag e of light also was in such a way that the viewer may get enough insights about the current American food industry. This movie can be regarded as a piece of investigative journalism in which the industrialization of food items was mentioned. The major aim or theme of this movie is to make the public aware of how smartly the foods were being processed in America in order to make them for safe eating. At the same time, the movie reminds us the dangers in taking foods like chicken which were farmed to fatten in 45 days and grow bigger with the help of chemicals and hormones. Even though most of the times, the movie deals with the positive aspects of American food industry, at times it also shows troubling scenes of the American food industry. This film is capable of forcing the viewers think twice before taking any foods from American restaurants. The major message given by this movie to the viewers is that it is the American

Reflection paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Research Paper Example The tutor and fellow colleagues have made my studies and stay at college very enjoyable. For instance, the group discussions and regular brainstorming sessions made studies practical and played an important role in developing my thinking skills. Pursuing this course has been the greatest achievement in my life. In fact, since the start of the course, things have been developing gradually to the positive side. Studying this course has changed my point of view to life in many ways. For Instance, by attending group discussions and engaging in brainstorming sessions, I developed effective socializing skills. Working in groups gave an idea about the importance of teamwork in executing assigned task. In addition, it assisted me develop the courage to face people and present my opinions without fear. Consequently, I have learned social networking skills that can be applied in daily life situations. The knowledge gained throughout the course has made me develop a positive attitude towards life. Learning challenges such as meeting deadlines for assignments and having a bulk of topics to work on taught me to be active always. Additionally, I now understand the importance of information technology to people and businesses. Essentially, I can give direction to an individual or an organization on the best information technology strategy to employ in the management of daily operations. My level of knowledge for the topics taught in the course is above average. Presently, I can handle many problems related to computer science and information technology. Actually, I can advise an organization or a company on a number of issues relating effective information technology mechanisms. Apparently, I can afford to fix some technical problems that affect communication devices such as computers and smartphones. In essence, my level of knowledge regarding technology has been elevated, thereby laying the foundation for further studies. The mode of study for the entire period

Adlerian Theory Essay Example for Free

Adlerian Theory Essay Introduction and Rationale School counselors work with students in academic development, social and emotional skill development, and college/career development. Their work supports student success through education in these domains, improvement of skills, reduction of stress, and improvement in mental health functioning. As I read the article, School Counseling Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Examination of Interventions, I couldn’t help but realize the importance of continued research on the effectiveness of school counseling interventions. This article focuses on the effectiveness of an array of school counseling interventions and not solely on individual and group counseling. The primary aim of this research was to review various literature pieces that relate to school counseling and identify their outcome and implications to the practice of school counseling. In this study, Meta-analysis 1 involved treatment control comparisons and Meta-analysis 2 involved pretest-posttest differences. The overall average weighted effect size for school counseling interventions was .30. The study examined whether relevant moderator variables influenced effect sizes. See more:  Social Satire in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay The pretest-posttest size was not significant, so moderator analyses were conducted on treatment control comparisons. Analyses of moderator variables indicated school counseling program activities or interventions varied in effectiveness Strengths and Weaknesses A meta-analysis of school counseling outcome research found an overall effect size of .30. Students who participated in the interventions improved almost a third of the standard deviation more than their peers who did not receive the interventions. In other words, school counseling interventions have a larger effect size than aspirin for preventing heart attacks (ES of .06) and an equivalent effect size to sertoline (Zoloft) compared to placebo, for  treating major depressive disorder (ES of .31). (Whiston Quimby, 2009). The use of meta-analysis offers some weakness on the research which is actually a common thing for meta-analytic researches. This results from the fact that the effect size’s quality is dependant on the quality of research and accuracy. Sampling inaccurate of ineffective research cases may also render the meta-analytic research weak due to the weakness of the researches sampled. The meta-analytic research may also be stronger due to the fact that it samples a mean of similar variables under various researches and thus providing an average that is a true representative of all researches. In order to improve the meta-analytic exercise it is good to first make an analysis of the article and ensure that they are classified appropriately and their content has high validity so that they may not negatively affect the analysis (Sexton, L.T., Whiston, S., 1998). Summary of Research Outcome A meta-analysis of school counseling research (117 studies, 153 school counseling interventions, and 16, 296 students) found an overall effect size of .30. The authors found that students who participated in school counseling interventions tended to score on various outcome measures about a third of a standard deviation above those who did not receive the interventions. School counseling interventions produced quite large effect sizes in the areas of discipline, problem-solving, and increasing career knowledge. The effect sizes were smaller, but significant, related to school counseling interventions’ impact on academic achievement. Surprisingly little school counseling research was found related to individual counseling. Concerning guidance curriculum, small groups were more effective than interventions that involved entire classrooms. Outcome research reflects that group counseling can be effective with students who are experiencing problems and difficulties. Applying this Research to Practice School counselors can improve the climate in their schools. They can also draw from a vast array of interventions that will help students increase  their academic achievement (Brown, 1999). One intervention that has been used for more than a quarter of a century is behavioral contracts. Behavioral contracts must have specific objectives, set attainable short-term goals, be monitored regularly, allow for immediate reinforcement, and be adjusted when they are not promoting the desired change. Other direct interventions frequently employed by school counselors include study skills groups, time management training, classroom guidance units aimed at improving test taking skills, and achievement motivation groups. Achievement motivation groups are led by the counselor, but involve input from the teachers and support for increased achievement from the students in the group. When students have educational and career goals, they do better in school. Counselors can facilitate the development of educational and personal goals by engaging students in individual and group activities that focus on goal setting. Some school counselors routinely ask students about interests, educational plans, and occupational goals and record these in their portfolios as one way of emphasizing the importance of goal setting. Research supports what educators have long understood: parent involvement is an important factor in student achievement (Brown, 1999). Parents who have a high level of commitment to their children, set high standards, maintain a stable home environment, and support achievement, have children who do better in school. Counselors can involve parents through parent consultation, parent education classes that teach parents how to support their children in schools as well as parenting skills, and by advocating for parents and students when students are not treated fairly by the educational establishment. They can also help keep the parents of children who are having difficulty in school apprised of their children’s progress by encouraging teachers to communicate more frequently with parents than once per grading period. Conclusion School counselors are under pressure to assist in the effort to increase student achievement. They can respond to this challenge by working to improve the school climate, using direct interventions such as teaching study skills and involving students in achievement motivation groups, and by increasing the involvement of parents in the educational process. As our culture and educational institutions change, school counseling practices are emerging to better meet the needs of today’s students. Resources Brown, D (1999). Proven strategies for improving learning and academic achievement. Greensboro, NC: CAPS Publications Sexton, L.T., and Whiston, S.C. (1998). A review of school counseling outcome research: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development volume 76, issue number pp 412-426. Whiston Quinby (2009). Review of school counseling research. Psychology in the Schools 46(3), 267-272. Schatzberg Nemeroff (2009). Textbook of Pyschopharmacology. Arlington, VA: The American Psychiatric Publisher. Whiston, Susan C; Wendi, Lee Tai; Rahardja, Daryn; Eder, Kelly. Journal of Counseling and Development. Winter 2011. Vol. 89. Issue 1, p. 37-55.

Tyranny can Never be Completely Removed Essays -- essays research pape

From fictional novels to real life experiences, tyrants who have been removed from power will only be replaced by the next, thus negating the original objectives of the revolution that was once hard fought for. Animal Farm by George Orwell is a story of which animals overthrowing their tyrant owner and establishing a nation of their own. As time passes, the more intelligent of the animals taste the lure and addiction of power, turning out to become the tyrants they once abolished. A leading Irish figure in 20th century theater, George Bernard Shaw, once said "Revolutions have never lightened the burden of tyranny, they have only shifted it to another shoulder." Tyranny is yet to be diminished since human (animal) nature is selfish and only seeks the good of oneself. When one steps down, another rises from the crowd, repeating this pattern of a power shift. Basically, those with the influential powers and support of many, tend to obtain power. This does not allow the power to be share d amongst the commoners. The grasp of tyranny is to be hovering over the masses and time by time the one abusing the power would be switched. History demonstrates to us that Shaw's observation applies in any era. After the expulsion of the previous tyrant, the masses believe that all are equal, but as time flows, some become ?more equal than others? (133). From the beginning, when the revolution was yet to be complete, Old Major introduced the basic idea of revolting against Mr. Jones, their owner. In his final speech to provide his fellow animals with a boost, the old boar reminded them that they must not follow in the steps of the tyrant they hated. ?Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices? (31). As the cornerstones of Animalism a... ...is overwhelming power overcame him. Nothing was changed after all. Leaders have all been the same, as many fall into the same traps or follow the footsteps as previous ones in power. George Orwell?s Animal Farm is a definite entertainment and moral. One of the main themes, human nature dictates that revolutions are bound to fail, incorporates with what George Bernard Shaw said about revolutions. ?Revolutions have never lightened the burden of tyranny, they have only shifted it to another shoulder.? Tyranny is part of life. It cannot be avoided unless God rules over man as William Penn suggested. ?Men must be governed by God, or they will be ruled by tyrants.? As one succeeds to power, original objectives most likely are neglected while becoming tyrannical like the previous. Shaw?s observation serves as a core of Animal Farm, an illuminating and realistic lesson.

Captain scott

Robert Falcon Scott was born on June 6,1868. Everyday he rode to school by his pony, Beep. Sometimes he slipped from his horse, but he never afraid with that. At the age of fifteen Scott became a midshipman. He began to conquered his bodily weakness and his childish faults in the navy. In 1891 he graduate from the amnion and he get a lieutenant. Scott was plan this trip to south pole with Sir Clement and everything will prepared. Scott has a high standard of conduct, Intelligence, scientific, knowledge and qualities of adventure in the Antarctic.In the other hand Scott was assured of a fine career in the Ana and he realized that the expedition to the pole would give him new and exciting experience, and also opportunities for scientific research, so he accepted the advice of Sir Clement. Everything will prepared seriously because this Journey became extreme round trip, so it make him very busy. Actually he ship, it was brought from Scotland to London, named â€Å"Discovery'. The expe dition began from London through Atlantic Ocean and arrived in new Zealand.Then over Rose sea, for the further journey they took several dogs, ponies, sledge and another thing they need. In the first expedition Scott lose three member of his party. Trip or the pole was got extreme weather and it become serious problem to us. They study everything in south pole, one of this are about magnetism, meteorological observations, and animal live, also any other aspect. Aftermath they were sail for home and Scott had done splendidly, and he return to find himself famous. The year between first and second Journey, coot married with Miss Kathleen Bruce, artist and sculptor in 1908.On September 14, 1909 coot's son was born and name Peter Markham Scott. In the second Journey he took another ship, named â€Å"Terra nova† and he prepared all with seamen. The second trip need more power because it happen in winter,and it like the first. When they arrived the centre pole they put country flag . In the other hand they get a new experience, but in another hand they got difficulties return from the pole. Winter season make them very ill,day by day conditions grew worse and sometimes they took ore than an hours to drag the sledge a mile.Even in this condition they still to write anything about their condition it seem that they will die. In fact Just only few alive on the return Journey. Comment I think the story is very attractive to know because about the explore to Antarctic. Perhaps hardly ever everyone go there. The story give us about description in the Antarctic. Antarctic is the centre of magnetism and have extreme temperature that somebody never alive in there. It also get us information about discipline to arrange everything we need.

Conflict And The Work Climate And Negatively Affects...

All employee and employers, like nurses and nurse leaders, are based on collaborative relationships with one another. When two or more individuals view issues or situations from different perspectives, these relationships can be compromised by conflict. Conflict stems from discordance that arises in values, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of two or more individuals (Pangman Pangman, 2010). For the purpose of this article, conflict is defined as a phenomenon occurring between interdependent individuals as they experience negative emotional reactions to perceived disagreements and interference with the attainment of their goals (Barki Hartwick, 2004). Furthermore, everyone encounters conflict in varying degrees, and this often†¦show more content†¦When people encounter conflict situations, they need to be able to accept conflict as a normative challenge and use effective conflict management approaches and other alternatives to transform conflict into an opportunity for growth (Pangman Pangman, 2010). It is important for negotiators to have a clear understanding and working knowledge of the approaches to conflict and to be aware of various alternatives to managing conflict. Therefore, the process of negotiation is an effective interactive approach that emphasizes the need to maintain ongoing relationships and to share power and control. One of the international bestselling book on negotiation is Getting to YES, by Roger Fisher and William Ury that provide ideas about negotiation as a method of conflict management using principled negotiation. Negotiation can be defined as basic means of being able to receive what you want from others and where you discuss back and forth until an agreement is reached (Fisher Ury, 2011). Negotiation is an ongoing effective strategy that emphasizes the need to maintain good working relationships in day-to-day activity within health care organizations (Pangman Pangman, 2010). Moreover, there are many areas in l ife where people spend time negotiating with one another whether it is over a contract, a family quarrel, a peace settlement, or a curfew. Negotiators often find themselves using three methods to negotiation such as soft, hard, or